How Many Calories in 3 Oz of Baby Carrots Raw
From offscreen friendships and jarring pay inequality to the special effects and makeup tricks that brought some of the world'due south favorite pic characters to life, The Magician of Oz (1939) had and so much going on behind the emerald curtain and the Technicolor gloss of an amazing fantasy world.
In honour of the 80th ceremony of the picture show, follow the yellow brick slideshow to peek behind that curtain and larn more well-nigh the secrets and fun facts that make the beloved film a timeless classic.
Margaret Hamilton Was a Fan Earlier the Film
As a self-proclaimed lifelong fan of L. Frank Baum's Oz serial, Margaret Hamilton was thrilled to exist considered for a office in the 1939 flick adaptation. Hamilton called her agent to inquire which grapheme the producers wanted her to play, and her agent famously said, "The witch — who else?"
Hamilton, a single female parent, fought MGM for an agreed upon amount of guaranteed work fourth dimension. Three days before filming began, the studio agreed to a five-week deal. In the end, Hamilton was on ready for three months, but many of her scenes were cut for being too scary for audiences.
Certain, Dorothy Gale doesn't need prosthetics or aluminum makeup, but that doesn't mean Judy Garland wasn't put through the costume department wringer. Although she was young at the time, the 16-year-old Garland had to wear a corset-similar device so she looked more similar a preadolescent kid.
Director Richard Thorpe suggested Garland wear a blonde wig and loads of "infant-doll" makeup (as whatsoever preadolescent daughter would…). Luckily, that vision of the character changed. Afterward MGM fired Thorpe, the intermediate director George Cukor nixed the heavy makeup and wig. Instead, he told Garland to be herself. Smart move.
The "Skywriting" Scene Employed Some Great Pic Magic
The Sorcerer of Oz employs a lot of great moving picture tricks, and some of the nigh unique were used in the skywriting scene. In it, the Wicked Witch (Margaret Hamilton) flies in a higher place the Emerald Urban center, leaving the phrase "Surrender Dorothy" in her wake in black smoke.
Using a hypodermic needle, the special effects team spread black ink across the bottom of a glass tank that was filled with a thick, tinted liquid (some speculate milk). They wrote the phrase in opposite and filmed the scene from below. Initially, the skywriting ended with the ominous "Or Die — W W Westward."
The "Snow" in the Poppy Field Was Actually Dangerous
One of the Wicked Witch'south terminal-ditch efforts to impede Dorothy's quest to meet the Wonderful Sorcerer of Oz involves a poppy field and some magical sleep-inducing snow. While many similar to joke that the poppies and their drowsiness are the issue of opium (a component of poppies), the scene has a much more blatant toxic connection than that.
All that magical snow? It's actually 100% industrial-grade chrysotile asbestos. Even though the wellness risks associated with the material were known at the time, it was still Hollywood's preferred choice for false snowfall. Our communication to Dorothy? Don't catch whatsoever snowflakes on your tongue.
Scarecrow's Makeup Stuck Around for Awhile
In the end, Ray Bolger (Scarecrow) was probably grateful in more than ways than i for Buddy Ebsen (the original Tin Man's) willingness to trade parts with him. The Tin Human'due south aluminum makeup caused a huge amount of problems for Ebsen, who was replaced by Jack Haley.
Although Bolger's makeup feel was amend than Ebsen's, he still had some issues. The Scarecrow's makeup consisted of a rubber prosthetic, consummate with a woven blueprint that mimicked the wait of burlap. Subsequently the film wrapped, the prosthetic left patterns on Bolger's face that took more than a year to fade.
Margaret Hamilton Was Burned On Set
In a outburst of flames and red smoke, the Wicked Witch (Margaret Hamilton) vanishes from Munchkinland. Although the scene is terrifying for viewers, it may have instilled more fear for Hamilton. On the first take, the smoke rose from a hidden trapdoor as well early.
For the 2nd take, Hamilton stood on the trapdoor as planned, but her cape snagged on the platform when the fire flared up. Her copper-containing makeup heated up instantly, causing 2nd- and third-caste burns on her hands and confront. To make matters worse, the crew tried to remedy her burns with (an fifty-fifty more than painful) acetone solvent.
The Flying Monkeys Became Falling Monkeys
The Wicked Witch's legion of flying monkeys — or Winged Monkeys equally they're called in the source textile — have certainly been a source of terror for generations. Nearly every bit scary as the Witch herself, these henchmen soar onto the scene to kidnap Dorothy and Toto — thanks to the magic of pianoforte wires.
However, the aerial stunt went awry when several of the piano wires snapped, sending actors plummeting a few feet to the soundstage floor. To create such a vast troupe of monkeys (and cut down on man marionettes), filmmakers fabricated miniature rubber monkeys to help populate the sky.
"Over the Rainbow" Was Almost on the Cutting Room Floor
To no one's surprise, the American Moving-picture show Institute ranked "Over the Rainbow" #1 on a listing of 100 Greatest Songs in American Films. But what may surprise you? The (arguably) nearly iconic song of Judy Garland'southward career was almost cut from the picture.
Studio execs at MGM thought the song made the Kansas scenes too long. Moreover, filmmakers were concerned that children wouldn't understand the vocal's meaning. Luckily, this unfounded business organization melted like lemon drops. Unfortunately, Garland's tearful reprise of the song was left on the cutting room floor.
The Tin Man Costume Didn't Allow Jack Haley to Rest Easy
Although Bert Lahr had to schlep around in a 90-pound lion costume, Jack Haley didn't accept it easy either. From the lingering concerns nearly the aluminum paste-based makeup on his face up and hands to the minimal flexibility of the "tin can" torso and arms, Haley faced some challenges.
Reportedly, his costume was so potent that he had to lean against a board to remainder properly. Many years later on, actor Anthony Daniels, known for playing the protocol droid C-3PO in the Star Wars films, had the aforementioned issue with his rigid costume. It seems even fantasy and sci-fi can't help folks escape all their problems.
The Original Tin can Man Was Rushed to the Hospital
Initially, Buddy Ebsen was cast as the Scarecrow, only traded parts with Ray Bolger. However, Ebsen'southward new character, the Tin can Man, caused him a earth of issues. Namely, the character'southward silver makeup independent a harmful aluminum dust that coated Ebsen's lungs.
To make matters worse, Ebsen had an allergic reaction, and, unable to breathe, he was rushed to the infirmary. MGM recast the role with Jack Haley (and inverse up the makeup), but didn't explain why Ebsen "dropped out." Although Ebsen didn't appear in the final film, his vocals can be heard in "We're Off to See the Wizard."
A Stocking & Some Miniatures Gave U.s.a. the Tornado
The tornado that strikes the Gale homestead is full of practical special effects that actually hold upward. The funnel itself was really a 35-foot long stocking fabricated of muslin. The special effects squad spun it effectually miniatures that resembled the farms and fields of Kansas. Against the painted backdrop, the tornado looks menacing.
The Gale house, which falls from the sky and into Oz, is simply a miniature house that was dropped onto a sky painting. Filmmakers then reversed the footage to make it look like the business firm was falling out of the clouds.
Hollywood Didn't Pay Up And then Either
Pay inequality has always been an issue in Hollywood. For example, Adriana Caselotti, voice of the titular character in Walt Disney's Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937), made $970 for her functioning. The film went on to make roughly $8 meg.
According to the Los Angeles Times, Judy Garland'southward pay was better than Caselotti's — playing Dorothy earned her $500 a week — but it still didn't reflect the motion picture's success. Fifty-fifty more discouraging, the folks who portrayed the citizens of Munchkinland were paid a mere $l per week. (Meanwhile, Terry the dog earned $125 per week every bit Toto. A real yikes.)
Bert Lahr's Lion Costume Was Taxing
Originally, MGM thought information technology might bandage its mascot — the actual lion used in the studio's title carte — as the cowardly grapheme. Fortunately, for the safety of the actors and the animal, the filmmakers decided to cast actor Bert Lahr as the anthropomorphic character instead.
To make a convincing creature, the costume department fashioned Lahr a 90-pound outfit made from real lion skin. However, the arc lights used on set fabricated things a steamy 100 degrees during filming, which meant Lahr did a lot of sweating unrelated to his character'due south fretfulness. Each night, two stagehands dried the costume for the next day.
The Initial Box Office Returns Were Uneven
The movie started shooting in October of 1938 simply didn't wrap until March of 1939, racking upwards an unheard of $2,777,000 in costs. That's nearly $fifty million adjusted for inflation. Upon its initial release, the movie only earned $3 million at the box office — about $51.8 million by today's standards.
Although that seems impressive for a Depression-era film, remember that Disney fabricated $viii one thousand thousand with Snow White and the 7 Dwarfs (1937). The Wizard of Oz'southward modest success in the U.S. barely covered product and moving-picture show rights' costs — MGM paid $75,000 to the publisher for those — simply success overseas fortunately bolstered the film'south returns.
The Dark Side of Oz in a Time Before "Me Likewise"
Judy Garland was just 16 years old when she was cast as Dorothy. Insecure and lonesome, she became addicted to amphetamines and barbiturates, which were oft given to immature actors to aid them slumber afterward studios shot them upward with adrenaline so they could work long hours.
The spotlight — and her damaging contract with MGM — didn't help, leading to her lifelong struggles with an eating disorder and alcoholism. Co-ordinate to a author for Express, "[Garland] was molested by older men, including studio chiefs [and head Louis B. Mayer], who considered her little more than their 'property.'" Moreover, MGM forced Garland to stick to a wildly unhealthy diet of cigarettes, coffee and chicken soup.
The Vocalization of Snowfall White Had a Cameo
A few years before The Sorcerer of Oz debuted, Walt Disney'south feature-length animated film Snow White and the Vii Dwarfs (1937) became a smash-hit. Not merely did the film revolutionize the animation industry, information technology too reinvigorated the fantasy genre.
Disney wanted to follow up Snowfall White — and so the most successful moving-picture show of all time — with an accommodation of The Wizard of Oz, but MGM owned the rights. By happenstance, Adriana Caselotti, who voiced Snow White, had an uncredited role in Oz. During the Can Homo's "If I Only Had a Middle," Caselotti speaks her sole line, "Wherefore fine art thousand Romeo?"
The Red Slippers Are Props & Treasured Artifacts
Keeping in line with the book, Dorothy'due south iconic footwear was originally silver, but screenwriter Noel Langley felt the cerise color would actually pop in glorious Technicolor. Designed past MGM'due south chief costume designer Gilbert Adrian, the shoes are each covered in about 2,300 sequins.
Ane of the remaining pairs is on view in the Smithsonian Institution'due south National Museum of American History. Since the display is and so heavily trafficked, the museum has replaced the rug there several times. Another pair were stolen from Minnesota's Judy Garland Museum in 2005, but the FBI recovered the slippers for the establishment in 2018.
Only I Sequence Was Filmed "On Location"
The Sorcerer of Oz is your classic adventure story, and Dorothy's quest leads her from a Kansas farm to another earth — complete with corn fields, poppy-filled meadows and forests. However, despite all these scenic locations, nearly all the scenes were shot on a soundstage.
Every bit was customary at the time, immense, detailed backdrops were painted by studio artists, making it possible for filmmakers to transport audiences to far abroad places without filming on location. In fact, the only location footage in the pic is the opening championship sequence — those clouds are 100% the real deal.
A Second Toto Was Brought In
Toto, played primarily by Terry, is one of the nigh dearest dogs in film history. Terry was famously non a huge fan of special effects and tin often be seen running out of a shot when something loud or alarming happens — like when the Tin Human spouts out all of that steam.
After one of the Witch'southward guards accidentally stepped on her, Terry was on bedrest for ii weeks. Filmmakers went through two doubles to find i that resembled the original canine actor more closely.
Fun fact: Judy Garland was so fond of Terry that she wanted to adopt the dog.
Margaret Hamilton "Mourns the Wicked" Witch
In addition to being a huge fan of the Oz books, Margaret Hamilton also believed her graphic symbol was more than just your run-of-the-mill evil villain. More than 35 years subsequently the film debuted, Hamilton, donning her Witch's costume to show kids it was make-believe, appeared on Mister Rogers' Neighborhood, where Fred Rogers interviewed her nigh the graphic symbol.
According to Hamilton, the so-called Wicked Witch relished everything she did, but she was also a distressing, lonely effigy. In brusk, things never went well for the frustrated Witch. Oddly enough, the Broadway musical Wicked as well takes this approach to the Witch'south character.
The "Horse of a Different Colour" Was Made Possible Thank you to a Nutrient Product
In 1939, audiences were just as amazed as Dorothy, Scarecrow, Tin Man and the Cowardly Panthera leo when the horse in Emerald Metropolis took on a rainbow of colors. This "horse of a different colour" was made possible thank you to a surprising food item…
Jell-O crystals were used to color the horses, which meant filmmakers had to move quickly — the animals were eager to lick up the sweet care for. But the colorful steed isn't the but interesting component in this fan-favorite scene. The horse-drawn carriage was once owned by President Abraham Lincoln and now resides at the Judy Garland Museum.
The Makeup Section Hired on Actress Hands
From the citizens of Munchkinland and Emerald City to the Witch's flying monkeys, so many actors had to undergo a makeup transformation in order to requite life to this fantasy film. To go along up with the daily demands, MGM chosen upon workers from the studio mailroom and courier service to manage makeup stations.
Since nigh of the Ozian ensemble required prosthetics, makeup artists — and "makeshift" artists — formed a kind of costuming assembly line. Well-nigh actors had to arrive before 5:00 in the morning — vi days a calendar week! — to begin the intensive process.
Memorable (& Oftentimes Misquoted) Lines Fill the Moving picture
The flick is chock-full of iconic, memorable songs, and it has the great fortune of existence responsible for some of the almost quoted lines in movie history also. In 2007, Premiere compiled a list of "The 100 Greatest Flick Lines" and placed a whopping three of the film's lines on the list.
"Pay no attention to that human being behind the curtain" was voted #24, while "At that place's no place like home" nabbed the 11th spot. Finally, the oftentimes misquoted "Toto, I have a feeling nosotros're not in Kansas anymore" landed in the 62nd spot.
The Witch's Fire Employed Some Technical Wizardry (& Juice)
Clearly, the technical wizardry — or witchcraft — in the movie is incredible. Like the "horse of a different color" sequence, another iconic, special effects-heavy scene harnessed the ability of everyday household items to pull off fun tricks.
Soon after Dorothy arrives in Munchkinland, the Wicked Witch tries to snatch the crimson slippers from the immature girl's feet. Notwithstanding, fire strikes the Witch'due south hands, repelling her. This "fire" is really apple juice spouting from the slippers in a sped-up clip to brand it look more flame-like.
Technicolor Required Some Ingenuity in the Props Department
Experimenting with Technicolor was part fun and part problem-solving for filmmakers. In lodge to properly capture scenes with the Technicolor camera, the soundstage needed to exist lit with arc lights, which often heated the fix up to a toasty 100 degrees.
Later on the lights were fix, the experts experimented with what would expect best on film, especially in colorized form. For example, the white office of Dorothy's apparel is actually pink — simply considering it filmed better. And the oil the Tin Man is and then excited about? It's actually chocolate syrup.
The Wicked Witch of the East Makes More Than One Appearance
Role of the Wicked Witch of the West's beef with Dorothy is that the young girl dropped a house on her sister, the Wicked Witch of the East, who was the brusk-lived owner of the cherry-red slippers. Although Margaret Hamilton already plays both the Wicked Witch of the West and her Kansas analogue Almira Gulch, she also plays the Wicked Witch of the E — if only briefly.
During the tornado sequence, an addled Dorothy looks out her bedchamber window and watches Gulch transform into a witch, her shoes shimmering. For fans, this glint indicates the witch outside the window is wearing the ruby slippers. The restored version of the film makes that shimmer even more than noticeable.
The Pic'southward Running Time Was Cut Down Several Times
The first cut of the movie clocked in at a running fourth dimension of 120 minutes. Although that seems like zero by today'due south Marvel pic standards, producer Mervyn LeRoy felt it was long and unwieldy and wanted to chop off xx minutes.
Later on cutting the famed "Jitterbug" number (elevation correct) and an extended Scarecrow trip the light fantastic sequence, the film was 112 minutes long. LeRoy held a 2nd preview screening, and, afterwards, nixed Dorothy's "Over the Rainbow" reprise, an Emerald Metropolis reprise of "Ding! Dong! The Witch Is Expressionless," a scene where the Tin can Man becomes a human beehive (Yikes!) and a few Kansas sequences.
So Much for a "Wicked" Witch
Filmmakers deemed Margaret Hamilton'due south Wicked Witch of the West performance besides frightening for audiences and cutting or trimmed many of her scenes. Just not everyone thought her operation was terrifying — namely Judy Garland, who played the Wicked Witch's nemesis, Dorothy Gale.
Off-screen, the film's starring foes were really friends. One story that emerged from the set described Garland excitedly showing off a dress to Hamilton, declaring she was going to wear it for her graduation. Unfortunately, MGM'southward Louis B. Mayer sent Garland on a press bout the day of her graduation. Upset, Hamilton phoned Mayer and chewed him out.
Giving Credit to Technicolor
In the opening credits, the text reads "Photographed in Technicolor," as opposed to the more than apt "Color Sequences by Technicolor." The phrasing of the credits makes it seem equally though the entire picture show was shot in color. Was this done deliberately, or was it a small-scale syntactical faux pas?
It'southward widely believed this was a bit of a stunt washed to enhance the surprise of the picture turning into full three-strip Technicolor when Dorothy arrives in Oz. Posters made at the time of the film's debut made no mention of sepia tint (or "black-and-white"), adding credence to this theory.
1 of History's Nigh-Watched Films
Although The Sorcerer of Oz proved pop in theaters, another motion-picture show released the same yr, also directed by Victor Fleming, actually topped the box office. (You may accept heard of that piddling movie — it's chosen Gone with the Wind.) Even so, MGM's musical fantasy may accept more staying power than other films of the era, thanks in office to re-releases.
The film was first broadcast on television on November 3, 1956, and garnered an impressive 44 million viewers. It's believed that The Wizard of Oz is one of the 10 virtually-watched feature-length movies in picture history, largely due to the number of almanac telly screenings, theater viewings and various format re-releases.
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